The flora in the Gallocanta basin varies depending on its proximity to the lagoon.

On the slopes of the sierras you will come across forests of acorn, oak and quejigo oak trees whereas on the plain around the lagoon there are cereal crops and some saffron fields.

Around the lagoon the fresh water brought by the streams has formed wetlands with reeds and marshy soil.

Salinity increases the closer we get to the lagoon and the fields become saltier. This is the ideal habitat for the Puccinellia pungens, a plant that is endemic to the area and blooms in July producing tiny greenish-purply flowers. It forms enormous lawns on the saline grounds of the lagoon but does not reach right up to the water. It has been registered as an endangered species.

Only halophile plants manage to survive on the banks of the lagoon. These have adapted to the salinity of the soil and formed beaches of saline slime (tarquines) inhabited by species such as the Salicornia ramosissima or purple glasswort, the Frankenia reuterii or tomillejo and the spiny Salsola kali. The common reed (Phragmites australis) and cat-tails (Thypha sp.) with their emerged stalks and underwater roots sprout in places where there is more fresh water.

In the very salty shallow waters of the lagoon we find green algae (Chromulina, Nannochloris) and cyanophycea (Spirulina) as well as other species of plankton.

At the bottom of the lagoon, dense underwater fields of phanerogamae filamentosa (Lamprothamnium papulosum, Chara galoides,...) cover the ground and provide food for diving birds which flock to Gallocanta year after year.